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REVIVAL
brochure
Site
location Building
History
CHEVROLLIER
combines professional, scientific and literature education systems. Pupils
study there from sixth grade until the obtaining of their degree. Apart the
school restaurant and the gymnasium, the whole building will be refurbished. Surfaces:
before
refurbishment: 37 000m² refurbishment:
33 000m² demolition
(workshops): 4 000m² new buildings: 9
000m² Total
refurbishment surface: 42 000m²
Objectives No ventilation
system had ever been installed in the high school Some areas, such
as the workshops, were built with asbestos Windows and
woodworks were degraded It seems there
is a problem with the stability of the concrete Refurbishment
Strategy Details
of the refurbishment strategy can be found in the following document, Refurbishment
Of Chevrollier High School Fabric improvements External
insulation was installed in the roof and west, north and east facing walls,
to reduce roof U-values from 3.5 to 0.233 W/m2K, and wall U-values
from 2.0 to 0.385 W/m2K. Applying the insulation to the exterior
allowed the concrete faces of the external walls to be exposed, enhancing the
thermal mass of the building. The thermal bridges were removed and internal
insulation applied to the south façade. Windows were replaced, with U-values
reduced from above 6.0 to 1.9 W/m2K. Solar Gain Control and Glazing Before
refurbishment, the south façade glazing was exposed to direct solar
radiation, causing the classrooms to overheat on sunny days. A solar shading
system was applied to the entire south façade; this was designed to reduce
the direct solar radiation during the summer months and increase diffusion of
daylight to the back of the classrooms, whilst also permitting easy
maintenance of the external façade. Lighting The
existing lighting was replaced with energy efficient luminaires. Electronic
ballasts were used, producing flicker-free, dimmable light with good colour
rendering. Heating and Cooling A
new, class IV gas boiler was installed.
solar
shading devices at Lycée Chevrollier Ventilation Prior
to refurbishment, ventilation could only occur via un-designed routes, such
as infiltration, therefore air quality inside the school was very poor.
Building Regulations in France limit the size and shape of window openings in
schools, therefore the refurbished buildings could not be naturally
ventilated. The ventilation strategy selected needed to accommodate the
different activities, space functions and occupancy levels that occurred
throughout the building, which led to a hybrid system being specified. For
the classrooms, two types of air inlet were used: ·
Fixed inlet
(open all year round), ·
Motorised inlet (open when there is
overheating risk). Around
50% of the inlets are fixed and 50% are motorised. During the night in the winter, the main
fans are switched off and the permanently open inlets are sufficient to
ventilate the building, whilst on summer nights, extra inlets are opened to
allow for night cooling.
Inlet system at Lycée Chevrollier, with BEMS
controlled, motorised shutters An
atrium space was created by connecting a glass roof between the new building
and the existing refurbished building. As well as providing amenity space for
the students, it serves as a buffer space, reducing thermal losses. The
atrium is naturally ventilated through BEMS controlled openings in the roof
and a large, 24m2 door in the south façade wall. The openings are
left half open during the summer months. The
workshops are ventilated through a combination of natural and mechanical
ventilation. Natural ventilation takes place through the low trap door and
high chimneys and is designed to cool the rooms during the night. Mechanical
ventilation is necessary due to the extensive machinery used in the
workshops, and is air displacement with heat wheel recovery air exchange.
Lycée Chevrollier atrium space Renewable Technologies Photovoltaic panels have been installed on top of
building C, where they are orientated south. Low Environmental Impact
Materials Finishes and materials, e.g. adhesives, paints,
etc, were selected for their low VOC emissions. In particular, formaldehyde
emissions from particle board, plastic laminates and synthetic carpet, were
avoided. Commissioning At
the Lycée Chevrollier, in the refurbished buildings E and F, the requirements
of the proposed ventilation system and national fire regulations meant that
holes had to be drilled into the floors. Because of the fragility of the
floors, an insufficient number of holes were drilled, and some of these were
smaller than required, resulting in poor air quality and slight overheating
in the classrooms during the summer.
The new buildings, which have a different ventilation strategy, did
not experience these problems. Also,
in refurbished building F, the amount of daylight inside classrooms is lower
than expected. This is probably caused by other buildings in the vicinity
blocking the received daylight. The Completed Building The
Lycée Chevrollier refurbishment has been successful in carrying out an
energy-efficient refurbishment, although not to the extent outlined in the
original proposal. CO2
impact of Lycée Chevrollier The
new atrium is a simple structure that is greatly appreciated by the students
as a social space, as well as providing a thermal buffer between buildings.
The occupants are pleased with the striking architecture of the solar shades,
which have been successful in regulating solar gains. The daylighting and
acoustic environment in classrooms has also undergone a significant
improvement. Less
successful were the attempts to improve indoor air quality and temperatures
during the summer in the classroom.
Buildings
E-F in function since the 1st September:south façade (October, 2006) The
Lycée Chevrollier is a government owned educational facility and will
continue to function as a secondary school. It has been assumed that the
refurbishment work will extend the lifetime of the buildings by at least 20
years.
Inside
of buildings E-F: secondary daylight (October, 2006) ·
CLIMAMED 2006 (HVAC
Mediterranean Congress) in Lyon, France, 21 to 22nd November (Paper accepted for
presentation. Title: Sustainable refurbishment of large tertiary buildings
from the post-war, prioritizing of thermal comfort in summer) ·
CLIMA 2007 Wellbeing
Indoors/ROOMVENT 2007 (International Congress of REHVA Association), in
Finland, June 2007 (Theme: Sustainable energy use of buildings/ Methods to
evaluate building performance) ·
Alta qualidade ambiental em
projetos de edificacoes escolaire, Teresa de Queiroz Gaudin and Leopoldo
Eurico Gonçalves Basto |
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- High
Environmental Quality in Educational Buildings, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais,
ENCAC 2007 (Brazilian Congress of Environmental Comfort in Buildings),
August 2007
- High
Environmental Quality and Sustainability Development, CONCEPT &
ARCHITECTURE (French journal specialising in architecture), November
2007.
·
Life-Cycle
CO2 Assessment Procedure in Refurbishment of Old Non-Domestic
Buildings for Sustainable Energy Use,
Paper
on Renewables in Refurbishments by Teresa de Queiroz Gaudin, Gérard Gaudin and
Laurent Key
·
Sustainable
refurbishment of large, tertiary buildings from the post-war, prioritizing of
thermal comfort in summer, paper for CLIMAMED 2006, 3rd Mediterranean
congress of HVAC Engineering, by Teresa de Queiroz Gaudin, Gérard Gaudin